The Institute for the Study of War, a Washington-based think tank, says recent intelligence and media reporting point to Chinese support for Iran’s efforts to restore its missile capabilities. According to the group, shipments of materials tied to missile fuel production have been sent from China to Iran since the current conflict began. These supplies could help Tehran recover from damage caused by U.S. and Israeli strikes targeting its military infrastructure.
Some reports have focused on shipments of sodium perchlorate, a chemical used in solid rocket fuel. The Daily Telegraph recently reported that multiple vessels believed to be carrying such materials have docked at Iranian ports. The volume of these shipments, if accurate, could support the production of a significant number of missiles.
Analysts warn that this kind of assistance, even if indirect, could complicate ongoing efforts to limit Iran’s military capabilities. The Institute for the Study of War noted that rebuilding supply chains and fuel production is a key step in restoring a functioning missile program, even if launch systems themselves have been damaged.
Gordon Chang, a longtime commentator on U.S.-China relations, argued that any such support would have direct consequences for American interests in the region. He said the U.S. should consider stronger responses, including targeting vessels involved in transporting restricted materials. Chang also pointed to the broader economic relationship between the U.S. and China as a potential source of leverage, noting China’s reliance on exports and access to American markets.
Meanwhile, Iranian forces are reportedly working to recover from recent strikes. U.S. intelligence assessments cited by analysts suggest that Iran has been attempting to restore access to missile launch sites, including underground facilities that were hit. In some cases, crews have reportedly resumed operations within hours, though the overall system is still believed to be degraded. Issues such as coordination problems and operational strain have limited the effectiveness of some missile units.
The situation is not entirely new. Chinese companies and intermediaries have previously been sanctioned by the U.S. for helping Iran acquire components used in drones and missile systems. In 2023, the Treasury Department identified a network of entities across multiple countries, including China and Hong Kong, that were involved in supplying technology for Iran’s military programs.
U.S. officials continue to express concern about China’s role. A State Department spokesperson said Beijing often presents itself as neutral in Middle Eastern conflicts, but has a track record of providing economic and material support to Iran. The spokesperson added that the U.S. has taken action against entities involved in these activities and plans to continue doing so.
Other research groups have also highlighted broader cooperation between China and Iran in military and technological areas. A recent Atlantic Council report found that China has supplied equipment ranging from drones to missile components, as well as dual-use technologies that can support both civilian and military applications.
Taken together, the reports suggest a complex and evolving relationship. While the full extent of China’s involvement remains unclear, even limited support could affect the balance of power in the region and complicate efforts to contain Iran’s military capabilities.
