Archduke Franz Josef of Austria–Tuscany (German: Franz Josef Karl Leopold Blanka Adelgunde Ignatius Raphael Michael von Habsburg-Lothringen, Erzherzog von Österreich, Prinz von Toskana; 4 February 1905 – 9 May 1975) was the fourth son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and Princess Blanca of Bourbon. At the fall of Habsburg monarchy he moved to Barcelona, where he became a naturalized Spanish citizen. He married morganatically twice and had a daughter from his second marriage. During World War II he lived in the United States, working in the forestry industry. In 1955 he returned to Austria. He inherited the Carlist pretensions to the Spanish throne of his brother Archduke Karl Pius and called himself Duke of Madrid. He died in 1975.
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Early life
Archduke Franz Josef of Austria was born on February 4, 1905, in Vienna, the ninth child and fourth son of Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria and Princess Blanca of Bourbon. His father, a member of the Tuscan line of the Habsburg family and thus a descendant of Emperor Leopold II, had been Inspector General of the Austrian Artillery and Commander of the 18th infantry regiment. Franz Josef's mother, Infanta Blanca of Spain, was the eldest daughter of Infante Carlos, Duke of Madrid, who had been, as Carlos VII, pretender to the Spanish throne. Archduke Franz Josef was given the baptismal names Franz Josef Karl Leopold Blanka Adelgunde Ignatius Rafael Michael von Habsburg-Lothringen.
Archduke Franz Josef's early years coincided with the last period of the Habsburg monarchy. His childhood was spent in the various properties owned by his parents, enjoying a comfortable and privileged life. The family's main residences were the Palais Toskana in the district of Wiede in Viena and Schloss Wilhelminenberg, on the Eastern slopes of the Gallitzinberg. Due to World War I, Franz Josef was not educated by private tutors like his three eldest brothers had been, but was sent instead to Stella Matutina, a Catholic school for boys run by Jesuits priest in Feldkirch. He shared the same classroom with Prince Gaetan of Bourbon Parma, the youngest brother of Empress Zita.