Boris Georgiyevich Saltykov (Russian: Борис Георгиевич Салтыков; 27 December 1940 – 1 July 2025) was a Russian politician and engineer. He held several cabinet portfolios in the government of Russia during the 1990s. Saltykov was the Minister of Science and Technology from 1992 to 1996 and a Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation from 1992 to 1993. From 1993 to 1996, he was also a deputy of the State Duma.
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Government service
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Boris Saltykov was appointed both the Minister of Science and Technology, as well as Deputy Prime Minister for education, in 1992. Although he would be demoted from that latter post in 1993, he held the former office until 1996. During this time Saltykov was regarded as being a key member of Yegor Gaidar's reform team. He acknowledged at one point that the Russian middle class was being decimated by the government's economic policies. Although Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin initially retained most of Gaidar's original team, it ended up disintegrating by March 1993, with Saltykov stepping down from the deputy premiership that month.
In the 1993 Russian legislative election, Saltykov was elected as a State Duma deputy from the party Democratic Choice of Russia.
In March 1996, in his capacity as science and technology minister, Saltykov visited a conference with NATO discussing increased scientific cooperation between Russia and the bloc. Other concerns he addressed included property rights of Russian scientists.
He was dismissed as science minister in August 1996, at which point the ministry was downgraded to a state committee. It was revived in 1997, however, with Vladimir Fortov appointed to the post in Saltykov's place—a candidate that Saltykov supported for the position.