Cho Chi-hun (Korean: 조지훈; December 3, 1920 – May 17, 1968) was a Korean poet, critic, and activist.
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Biography
Cho Chi-hun was born on December 3, 1920, in Yeongyang, Keishōhoku Province, Korea, Empire of Japan. His birthname was Cho Dong-tak. He graduated from Hyehwa College in 1941 with a degree in Liberal Arts. He taught at Odaesan Buddhist College and in 1946, after Korean Liberation, founded the Association of Young Writers (Cheongnyeon munhakga hyeophoe). Cho also served as president of the Society of Korean Poets (Hanguk Siin hyeophoe) and from 1947 served as a professor at Korea University. Cho Chi-hun was also the first head of the Korea University National Culture Research Institute. He died on May 17, 1968.
Cho Chi-hun's birthplace is preserved in Irwol-myeon in Yeongyang. A memorial to him stands on Namsan in Seoul.
Work
Of Cho Chi-hun's writing, the Korea Literature Translation Institute writes::Fine classical beauty of Korea expressed in this work evokes within the reader a feeling of peace and tranquility. "The Grief of Phoenix" (Bonghwangsu), while keenly describing several secrets of the architectural beauty of the palace, contrasts those who held sovereign power in the Joseon era with the intellectuals of the colonial period, exposing the pain and tragic feelings of governed classes. These first poems of Cho Jihun, capturing the lyrical expression of Korea's traditional and national consciousness, are contained in 'The Blue Deer Anthology' (Cheongrokjip), a joint collection shared with two others, Pak Tu-jin and Pak Mog-wol.:Directly after Liberation, contemporary Cho Jihun emphasized that only those who guarded a purely poetic aesthetic could be considered poets, and asserted that the protection of individual freedom and the quest for the liberation of human nature was the essence of poetry. This literary purity and nationalistic fervor are proclaimed in the poet's patriotic voice in his anthology, 'Standing Before History' (Yeoksa apeseo). The work criticizes, with a lucid historical consciousness, the political corruption and social irrationality engendered by the national division and internal strife of the day. In particular, "Dabuwoneseo" is one of the finest examples of war poetry that keenly depicts the tragic state of internal strife based on a personal experience.
The Nun's Dance
Cho Chi-hun's early love of Korean tradition is expressed in his poem "The Nun's Dance" (승무(僧舞)).
얇은 사(紗) 하이얀 고깔은 고이 접어서 나빌레라.
Folded delicately to shape
The fine gauze white cowl
Wavers gently.
파르라니 깎은 머리 박사(薄紗) 고깔에 감추오고,
The bluish head shaved close
Is veiled under the tenuous cowl.
두 볼에 흐르는 빛이 정작으로 고와서 서러워라.
The glow in the cheeks
Graces her in her sorrow.
빈 대(臺)에 황촉(黃燭)불이 말없이 녹는 밤에 오동(梧桐)잎 잎새마다 달이 지는데,
The wax candle quietly burns in an empty hall,
And the moon sinks into every paulownia leaf.
소매는 길어서 하늘은 넓고,
돌아설 듯 날아가며 사뿐히 접어 올린 외씨보선이여.
Her long sleeves against the vast heaven
Billow up as if on the wing.
O how shapely her white socks match her movement!
까만 눈동자 살포시 들어 먼 하늘 한 개 별빛에 모두오고,
She raises her dark eyes to gaze
Works in Translation
Brother Enemy (한국전쟁 시선집)
Works in Korean (partial)
Criticism
A Theory on History of Korean Culture
Anthologies
The Blue Deer
Short Lines over Grasses:풀잎 단장(斷章)
Selected Poems of Cho Chi-hun
Stand Before History
Lingering Resonance
Stylish Antique Costumes:고풍의상(古風依裳)
Essays
Leaning against the Window
Poetry and Life
Theory of Integrity
Aesthetics of Rocks.
Awards
Literature Prize of the Free Writers' Association, 1956