The Commander-in-Chief, The Nore, was an operational commander of the Royal Navy. His subordinate units, establishments, and staff were sometimes informally known as the Nore Station or Nore Command. The Nore is a sandbank at the mouth of the Thames Estuary and River Medway. In due course the Commander-in-Chief became responsible for sub-commands at Chatham, London (less the Admiralty), Sheerness, Harwich and the Humber.
Contents
History
The origins of the Commander-in-Chief's post can be traced to Stafford Fairborne, who in 1695 was appointed as captain of HMS London and "Commander in Chief of his Majesty's shipps in the River of Thames and the Medway".
Thereafter, and for most of the eighteenth century, appointments were only made irregularly, and often just for limited periods of time (ranging between seven and thirty days). The appointment only became permanent with the posting of Commodore George Mackenzie in 1774.
In the early 18th century the post holder was usually known as Commander-in-Chief in the Thames and Medway. In 1711 the office began to be known as Commander-in-Chief in the Thames, Medway and Nore. In 1742 Sir Charles Hardy was appointed "Commander in chief of all the ships of war in the rivers Thames and Medway, and at the buoy of the Nore", and similarly in 1745 Sir Chaloner Ogle, Admiral of the Blue, was appointed "Commander-in-Chief of HM Ships and Naval Vessels in the Rivers Thames and Medway and at the Buoy of the Nore" (as indeed was Isaac Townsend in 1752).
From 1827 the Commander-in-Chief was accommodated in Admiralty House, Sheerness, built as part of the renewal of Sheerness Dockyard. From 1834 to 1899 his appointment was sometimes known as the Commander-in-Chief at Sheerness; but otherwise by this time he was generally termed Commander-in-Chief at The Nore.
After the dissolution of the Home Fleet in 1905, remaining ships at a lesser state of readiness were split between three reserve divisions: Nore Division plus the Devonport Division and the Portsmouth Division. In 1909 the division was brought out of reserve status, and became operational as part of the 3rd and 4th Division of the Home Fleet.
In 1907 the Commander-in-Chief moved to a new Admiralty House alongside the naval barracks (HMS Pembroke) in Chatham, the Sheerness house being given over to the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet. The Dover Patrol, Harwich Force, and Humber Force operated in the Channel during the First World War, but were responsible to the Admiralty in London; the Nore was effectively a provider of shore support rather than a command with operational responsibilities.
Installations
Chatham
Chatham Dockyard was a Dockyard located on the River Medway in Kent. Established in Chatham in the mid-16th century, the dockyard subsequently expanded into neighbouring Gillingham. At its most extensive, in the early 20th century, two-thirds of the dockyard lay in Gillingham, one-third in Chatham. The senior officer was a Captain-Superintendent, Chatham Dockyard or the Admiral-superintendent Chatham
In the early 20th century the Rear Admiral Commanding, Chatham Sheerness Reserve Division, was established and became responsible eventually to the Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet(s). Post holders included Rear Admirals Walter Hodgson Bevan Graham, 3 January 1905 – 3 January 1906; Charles H. Adair 3 January 1906 – 3 January 1907; and Frank Finnis 3 January 1907 – 4 January 1909.
The Royal Naval Barracks, Chatham were purpose-built to provide accommodation and training facilities for the men of the reserve fleet who were waiting to be appointed to ships. Designed by Colonel Henry Pilkington, construction of the barracks began in 1897 and completed in December 1902.
Sheerness Dockyard
Sheerness Dockyard was a Royal Navy Dockyard located on the Sheerness peninsula, at the mouth of the River Medway in Kent. It was opened in the 1660s and closed in 1960.
It was directed by the Admiral-Superintendent, Sheerness.
Sub-areas during First and Second World Wars
At various times during the First and Second World Wars, up to nine sub-areas were established. These were usually administered by either a retired vice or rear admiral, or an active captain, who were appointed as Senior Naval Officers or Flag Officers.
Other installations:
Seagoing formations
Various units that served in this command included:
Commanders-in-Chief
Commanders-in-Chief have included:
N = died in post
Commander-in-Chief Thames (1695–1696)
Commodore Stafford Fairborne 1695
Commodore James Gother 1696 N
Commander-in-Chief, Medway (1698–1699)
Captain John Jennings (1698)
Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell (1698–1699)
Commander-in-Chief, Thames and Medway (1706–1711)
Captain Robert Fairfax (1706)
Vice-Admiral Sir John Jennings (1708)
Commander-in-Chief, Thames, Medway and Nore (1711–1747)
Rear-Admiral Sir Thomas Hardy (1711–1712)
Captain George St Lo (1712–1714)
Captain John Balchen (1716)
Rear-Admiral William Caldwell (1717) N
Captain Nicholas Haddock (1732)
Admiral Sir George Walton (1734–1735)
Commodore Charles Brown (1741)
Commodore Christopher O'Brien (1742–1743)
Commodore Charles Cotterell (1744–1745)
Commodore Thomas Smith (1745)
Admiral Sir Chaloner Ogle (1745–1746)
Commodore Edward Boscawen (1746)
Vice-Admiral Perry Mayne (1746–1747)
Commander-in-Chief, Medway and at the Nore (1747–1797)
Rear-Admiral Henry Osborn (1747–1748)
Commodore Temple West (1748)
Commodore George Townshend (1748–1749)
Admiral Isaac Townsend (1752)
Commodore Francis Geary (1757–1758)
Commodore William Boys (1759–1761)
Commodore William Gordon (1762–1765)
Commodore William Saltern Willett (1766–1769) N
Commodore Christopher Hill (1770)
Rear-Admiral Sir Peter Denis (1771)
Commodore George Mackenzie (1774–1775)
Commodore Sir Edward Vernon (1775–1776)
Rear-Admiral John Campbell (1778)
Vice-Admiral Robert Roddam (1778–1783)
Commodore Sir Walter Stirling (1783–1785)
Commodore Sir Andrew Hamond (1785–1788)
Vice-Admiral Richard Edwards (1788)
Commodore Skeffington Lutwidge (1788–1789)
Commodore Thomas Pasley (1789–1791)
Commodore William Locker (1792)
Commander-in-Chief, Nore (1797–1834)
Post holders included:
Vice-Admiral Skeffington Lutwidge (1797–1798)
Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Pasley (1798–1799)
Vice-Admiral Alexander Graeme (1799–1803)
Vice-Admiral George Elphinstone, 1st Baron Keith (1803–1807) (formed part of North Sea Command)
Vice-Admiral Thomas Wells (1807–1810)
Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Stanhope (1810–1811)
Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Williams (1811–1814)
Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Rowley (1815–1818)
Vice-Admiral Sir John Gore (1818–1821)
Vice-Admiral Sir Benjamin Hallowell (1821–1824)
Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Moorsom (1824)
Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Blackwood (1827–1830)
Vice-Admiral Sir John Beresford (1830–1833)
Vice-Admiral Sir Richard King (1833–1834) N
Commander-in-Chief, Sheerness (1834–1899)
Post holders included:
Vice-Admiral Charles Elphinstone Fleeming (1834–1837)
Vice-Admiral Sir Robert Otway (1837–1840)
Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Digby (1840–1841)
Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Brace (1841–1843) N
Vice-Admiral Sir John White (1844–1845) N
Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Durnford King (1845–1848)
Vice-Admiral Sir George Elliot (1848–1851)
Vice-Admiral Josceline Percy (1851–1854)
Vice-Admiral William Gordon (1854–1857)
Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Harvey (1857–1860)
Vice-Admiral Sir William Hope-Johnstone (1860–1863)
Vice-Admiral Sir George Lambert (1863–1864)
Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Talbot (1864–1866)
Vice-Admiral Sir Baldwin Walker (1866–1869)
Vice-Admiral Richard Warren (1869–1870)
Vice-Admiral Sir Charles Elliot (1870–1873)
Vice-Admiral George Hastings (1873–1876)
Vice-Admiral Sir Henry Chads (1876–1877)
Commander-in-Chief, Nore (1899–1961)
Post holders included:
Vice-Admiral Sir Nathaniel Bowden-Smith (1899–1900)
Vice-Admiral Sir William Kennedy (1900–1901)
Vice-Admiral Sir Albert Markham (1901–1903)
Admiral Sir Hugo Pearson (1903–1907)
Admiral Sir Gerard Noel (1907–1908)
Admiral Sir Charles Drury (1908–1911)
Admiral Sir Richard Poore (1911–1915)
Admiral Sir George Callaghan (1915–1918)
Admiral Sir Doveton Sturdee (1918–1921)
Admiral Sir Hugh Evan-Thomas (1921–1924)
Vice Admiral Sir William Goodenough (1924–1927)
Admiral Sir Edwyn Alexander-Sinclair (1927–1930)
Admiral Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt (1930–1933)
Vice Admiral Sir Hugh Tweedie (1933–1935)
Vice Admiral Sir Edward Evans (1935–1939)
Admiral Sir Studholme Brownrigg (January 1939 – December 1939)
Admiral Sir Reginald Plunkett (1939–1941)
Admiral Sir George Lyon (1941–1943)
Senior staff officers
Flag Captain, the Nore
Post holders supporting the senior naval officer at the Nore included:
Captain William G. Luard: July 1860 – July 1863
Captain John Fulford: July 1863 – April 1866
Captain Donald McL. Mackenzie: April 1866 – June 1869
Captain Thomas Miller: June 1869 – June 1870
Captain John C. Wilson: June 1870 – January 1872
Captain George W. Watson: January 1872 – January 1875
Captain Charles T. Curme: January 1875 – February 1876
Captain St. George C. D'Arcy-Irvine: February 1876 – September 1877
Captain Thomas B. Lethbridge: September 1877 – January 1879
Captain Thomas B. M. Sulivan: January 1879 – July 1881
Captain John D'Arcy: July 1881 – September 1883
Captain James A. Poland: September 1883 – September 1886
Captain Frederick C. B. Robinson: September 1886 – July 1887
Captain Arthur C. Curtis: July 1887 – July 1890
Captain Leicester C. Keppel: July 1890 – August 1892
Captain Henry H. Boys: August 1892 – October 1894
Chief of Staff, the Nore
Post holders supporting the CINC, Nore included:
Captain Theobald W. B. Kennedy: October 1918 – May 1921
Captain Wilfred Tomkinson: May 1921 – June 1923
Captain Herbert W.W. Hope: June 1923 – December 1924
Captain the Hon. William S. Leveson-Gower: December 1924 – May 1927
Captain the Hon. E. Barry S. Bingham: May 1927 – May 1929
Captain Douglas B. Le Mottee: May 1929 – May 1931
Captain Reginald V. Holt: May 1931 – August 1933
Captain Hector Boyes: August 1933 – November 1934
Captain Robert B. Ramsay: November 1934 – December 1935
Captain Reginald B. Darke: December 1935 – August 1937
Captain Philip Esmonde Phillips: August 1937 – July 1938
Captain the Hon. George Fraser: July 1938 – May 1940
Rear-Admiral Alfred H. Taylor: May 1940 – March 1943
Commodore George H. Creswell: March–October 1943
Commodore Robert G. H. Linzee: October 1943 – April 1946
Captain Albert L. Poland: April 1946 – July 1948