The Czech National Social Party (Czech: Česká strana národně sociální, ČSNS) is a political party in the Czech Republic that played an important role in Czechoslovakia during the interwar period and then between 1945 and 1948. After 1989, its influence gradually became completely marginalized. Currently, the party is nationalist and cooperates with extremist parties. It was established in 1897 by break-away groups from both the national liberal Young Czech Party and the Czech Social Democratic Party, with a stress on achieving independence of the Czech lands from Austria-Hungary (as opposed to the Social Democrats' aim for an international workers' revolution). Its variant of socialism was moderate and reformist rather than a Marxist one. After the National Labour Party dissolved and merged with National Socialists in 1930, the party also became the refuge for Czech liberals. Its best-known member was Edvard Beneš, a co-founder of Czechoslovakia and the country's second President during the 1930s and 1940s.
Despite the similar name, the Czech "National Socialists" were not affiliated with Nazism or the German Nazi Party. While the early ČSNS made use of some antisemitic rhetoric, the party completely abandoned such positions after the First World War, when it was renamed to the Czechoslovak (National) Socialist Party. Instead, party representatives in the majority supported Zionism and highly supported German Jewish refugees in the 1930s. The party liquidated itself after the Munich Agreement of 1938. During the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, the Nazis persecuted (former) party members, who in turn offered resistance against the occupying forces or worked in exile.
After the Second World War, the party was revived and became the second strongest party, behind the Communists. After the latter took power in the 1948 coup d'état, the ČSS's role was reduced to a bloc party. Anti-communist members were persecuted again, forced into exile, or even executed like Milada Horáková. After the Velvet Revolution of 1989, the party failed to regain its importance. Since the 1990s, several splinter parties claim to continue the ČSNS's tradition.
Contents
History
The party was founded in 1897 and was led by Václav Klofáč, with support from Jiří Stříbrný and Emil Franke as well. The party platform relied on the social traditions of Hussitism and Taboritism, but it was also a programme of "collectivizing by means of development, surmounting of class struggle by national discipline, moral rebirth and democracy as the conditions of socialism, a powerful popular army, etc."
In 1918 the party changed its name from the Czech National Social Party to the Czech Socialist Party, in 1919 to the Czechoslovak Socialist Party, and in 1926 to the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party. Edvard Beneš took de facto party leadership, although de jure, it was his ally Václav Klofáč. Jiří Stříbrný and his supporters were expelled for disagreements with Václav Klofáč and Edvard Beneš. The expelled Stříbrný faction later cooperated with the fascist movement and National Democratic Party.
In its first years, the party bore some resemblance to National-Social Association in Germany. During the early 1920s, the party was an observer to the Labour and Socialist International, but never became a member due to disputes over internationalism. Its main international affiliation during the 1920s and 1930s was to the International Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties ("Radical International"), a centre-left international for non-Marxist progressive democratic parties whose chief member was the French Republican, Radical and Radical-Socialist Party. It also had close links with similar parties such as the Russian Narodniks of Alexander Kerensky and the People's Socialist Party in Yugoslavia. During the World War II, the exiled leadership of the party also cooperated with the British Labour Party.
From 1921, the party was part of most Czechoslovak government coalitions. Its newspaper was the České slovo. After German occupation of Czechoslovakia in 1938, most of the Czech membership joined left-wing National Labour Party, while a minority joined right-wing Party of National Unity led by Rudolf Beran, and a few of its Slovak members joined the Hlinka's Slovak People's Party led by Jozef Tiso.
Under German occupation, the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party functioned in exile and most of its members were active in the resistance movement. After 1945, the party resurfaced, under the leadership of Petr Zenkl, as one of the parties in the National Front. When Czechoslovakia became a Communist state in 1948, communist militias seized the party headquarters and the puppet leadership expelled most of its members for alleged fascist sympathies. The party was again renamed the Czechoslovak Socialist Party and operated as pro-communist bloc-party. In exile, Petr Zenkl led the Council of Free Czechoslovakia in London.
Party Chairman
Alois Simonides, Josef Klečák (1897), chairmen of preparatory congress
František Kváča (1897–1898), the founding chairman ruling party to I. Congress in April 1898
Václav Klofáč (1898–1914, 1918–1938), the first officially recognized party chairman at the First Congress
Petr Zenkl (May 17, 1945 – February 24, 1948)
Homeland leaders
Emanuel Šlechta (1948–1960)
Alois Neuman (1960–1968)
Bohuslav Kučera (1968–1989)
Jan Škoda (1989–1990)
Jiří Vyvadil ( 1990–1991)
Leaders in-exile
Petr Zenkl (1948–1975)
Mojmír Povolný (1975–1991)
Ladislav Dvořák (January 13, 1991 – May 30, 1993)
Pavel Hirš (May 30, 1993 – May 28, 1995)
Vavřinec Bodenlos (May 28, 1995, from December 3, 1995, Co for LSNS – June 22, 1996)
Jiří Dienstbier (from December 3, 1995, Co for SD – November 30, 1996)
Tomáš Sokol (November 30, 1996 – from July 18, 1997, for inactivity assumes the role of Chairman 1st Deputy Miroslav Tampír, resigned September 1997)
Symbols
Traditional symbol of the party is a quill and hammer, that symbolize clerks and workers. According to their sign, they are nicknamed quills (Czech: brkouni).
Election results
Czech Republic wide elections
1990 Czech National Council: 2.7% – no seat
1992 Czech National Council: (as a part of Liberal-Social Union 6.5% – 16 seats)
1996 Senate: no seat
1998 Senate: no seat
2000 Senate: no seat
2002 Senate: no seat
2006 Senate: no seat