Fukaya (written: 深谷) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Kenji Fukaya (深谷 賢治; born 1959), Japanese mathematician
Michiyo Fukaya (1953–1987), American poet and activist
Takashi Fukaya (深谷 隆司; born 1935), Japanese politician
Yuki Fukaya (深谷 友基; born 1982), Japanese footballer