James Burrill Jr. (April 25, 1772 – December 25, 1820) was a Federalist-party United States senator representing the state of Rhode Island. He served in the Senate from 1817 until 1820, and was previously the Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court in 1816 and 1817 and the state's attorney general from 1797 to 1814. He graduated from the College of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (the former name of Brown University) at Providence in 1788. In 1797, he was an unsuccessful candidate in a special election for Congress.
Burrill was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1815.
The town of Burrillville, Rhode Island, is named for him. His grandson is the American writer and public speaker, George William Curtis.
Burrill died of tuberculosis in Washington, D.C., on December 25, 1820. He was interred in the Congressional Cemetery.