The Joint Forces Staff College (JFSC), located in Norfolk, Virginia, was established as the Armed Forces Staff College in 1946 and incorporated into the National Defense University in August 1981. It educates and acculturates joint and multinational warfighters to plan and lead at the operational level. Military operations increasingly require the Armed Services to work jointly, and JFSC provides students the tools to operate in a joint environment. JFSC is composed of three schools, each with different student populations and purposes.
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Mission
The mission of the Joint Forces Staff College, a component of the National Defense University, is to educate national security professionals to plan and execute operational-level joint, multinational, and interagency operations to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives.
Schools composing the JFSC
Joint Advanced Warfighting School (JAWS)
Joint and Combined Warfighting School (JCWS)
Joint Information School (JIS) formerly Joint Command, Control & Information Operations School (JC2IOS)
Academic programs
Joint and Combined Warfighting School (Resident, Satellite, and Hybrid)
Joint Transition Course (JTC)
Homeland Security Planner's Course (HLSPC)
Joint, Interagency, and Multinational Planner's Course (JIMPC)
History
In the 1930s, few officers were qualified to engage in joint operations either by training or experience. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion.
A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which the Joint Chiefs approved of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations.
Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on 13 August 1946. The site, formerly a U.S. Naval Receiving Station, was selected by the Secretaries of War and Navy because of its immediate availability and its proximity to varied high-level military activities. There were 150 students from all Services in the first class. They assembled in converted administration buildings on 3 February 1947 to be greeted by the first commandant, Air Force Lieutenant General Delos C. Emmons. The faculty officers came from joint assignments in all theaters of World War II.
With Normandy Hall's construction in 1962, AFSC completed its transition from a temporary to a permanent institution. AFSC was assigned to the National Defense University (NDU) on 12 August 1981.
In the summer of 1990, AFSC changed from an intermediate level joint professional military education school for majors and lieutenant commanders to a temporary duty institution for majors/USN & USCG lieutenant commanders, lieutenant colonels/USN & USCG commanders, and colonels/USN & USCG captains for instruction in Phase II of the Chairman's Program for Joint Education is taught. This was in keeping with direction of the intent of the Goldwater-Nichols Act of a single site institution to provide joint "acculturation" of officers in the process of making said officers joint qualified.
JPME Phase II
In the post-11 Sep 2001 environment, it became clear that JFSC had a finite throughput capacity in the number of officers it could produce annually who were either en route to, assigned to, or completing joint duty billets in order to become fully Joint Qualified Officers. As a result, changes in regulations expanded the availability of JPME Phase II education beyond JFSC and extended it to heretofore "senior service college" institutions that were previously authorized to only grant JPME Phase I credit. In 2006, in addition to the Joint Forces Staff College being approved to provide Phase II credits, the National War College and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces were entitled to offer both JPME Phase I and JPME Phase II. By 2007, the U.S. Army War College, the College of Naval Warfare at the U.S. Naval War College, the Marine Corps War College and the Air War College were also accredited to offer both JPME Phase I and II.
In 2013, in addition to JFSC's resident program in Norfolk, Virginia, a new-model Joint Professional Military Education Phase II course was established at the Joint Special Operations University (JSOU) at MacDill Air Force Base in Tampa, Florida. JFSC offers this 10-week satellite program course with equal air, land, and sea service, but hosted by JSOU, making it technically "non-resident." However, course participants attend classes full-time during the 10 weeks of instruction. This model reflects input from the combatant commands, which preferred the 10-week, full-time option rather than a longer-term, after-hours option that was originally proposed.
In the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress authorized a five-year test of non-resident JPME II at no more than two combatant command headquarters. The Joint Staff chose MacDill AFB in Tampa as the location for its first "satellite" program to maximize exposure to the large population of staff officers requiring JPME II education, this given that MacDill hosts the headquarters facilities of two combatant commands, U.S. Central Command (USCENTCOM) and U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM). Although most of the students come from USCENTCOM and USSOCOM, one international fellow and one interagency student also attend each class. Classes are open to other commands at MacDill AFB, Coast Guard Air Station Clearwater, Coast Guard Sector St. Petersburg and other Reserve and National Guard activities in the Tampa area as room allows.
Congress requires the Secretary of Defense to report on the value of the program in 2015. Pending congressional approval, the satellite option may be offered to other combatant commands as soon as 2016.
Islam controversy
In April 2012, a course at the Joint Forces Staff College titled "Perspectives on Islam and Islamic Radicalism," taught by Lt. Col. Matthew A. Dooley, was suspended after an article in Wired reported that it advocated treating Islam as a hostile ideology and discussed the possibility of applying "total war" tactics—including targeting Mecca and Medina without regard for civilian deaths. The course, which had been taught since 2004, was permanently discontinued following the investigation.
The Council on American-Islamic Relations called for all officers who had taken the course to be re-trained. In response, the Department of Defense emphasized that the course was already under formal investigation and would be subject to oversight reforms.
On 20 June 2012, the Pentagon announced the completion of its inquiry into the JFSC course and a larger review of professional military education. The reviewers found that, with the exception of the elective course, "adequate academic standards exist for approving [PME] course curricula and presentations, and for selecting guest lecturers." Regarding the JFSC course, they found that "institutional failures in oversight and judgment" allowed the course to drift over time until it ceased to include instruction on U.S. counterterrorism strategy or on policy for countering violent extremism. The course has been suspended and will not be offered again until recommended changes have been made. The Army lieutenant colonel who taught the class has been relieved of his teaching duties. The report also recommended a review of the actions of two civilian JFSC officials to determine if administrative or disciplinary action would be appropriate, and a second military officer will receive administrative counseling.
Notable alumni
Gen George Lee Butler, USAF
LtGen Henry W. Buse Jr., USMC
Maj Gen Reginald M. Cram, USAF
RADM Jeremiah Denton, USN
BGen Edward H. Forney, USMC
GEN Tommy Franks, USA
LTG James R. Hall, USA
MG Benjamin Harrison, USA
RADM Don A. Jones, NOAA
GEN Frederick Kroesen, USA
VADM Andrew L. Lewis, USN
COL Nicholas Lorusso, USAR (and former member of the Louisiana House of Representatives, Republican)
LTG H. R. McMaster, USA
Gen Merrill McPeak, USAF
VADM David C. Nichols, Jr., USN
BGen Erik A. Peterson, USAF
BG Paul D. Phillips, USA
Gen Lori Robinson, USAF
MG William A. Ryan III
RADM Stuart C. Satterwhite, USN
Gen Norton A. Schwartz, USAF
Lt Gen James W. Stansberry, USAF
ADM Kurt W. Tidd, USN
Location
The Joint Forces Staff College is located at Naval Support Activity Hampton Roads, adjacent to Naval Station Norfolk.
In regards to dependent children living on-base, the on-property housing is zoned to Norfolk Public Schools and is assigned to: Sewells Point Elementary School, Blair Middle School, and Maury High School.