Julia Hope Kamakia Paaikamokalani o Kinau Beckley Fayerweather Afong (February 1, 1840 – February 14, 1919) was a Hawaiian high chiefess who married Chinese millionaire merchant Chun Afong with whom she had sixteen children. She was of British, American and Hawaiian descent.
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Life
Julia Hope Kamakia Paaikamokalani o Kinau Beckley Fayerweather was born on February 1, 1840, in Honolulu, Kingdom of Hawaii, the first-born child and daughter of Abraham Henry Fayerweather (1812–1850) and Mary Kekahimoku Kolimoalani Beckley (1820–1850). Her family was considered part of the aliʻi (noble) class.
Her father was originally from New Canaan, Connecticut, and settled in Hawaii, where he was a business associate of Hunnewell and Peirce before becoming chief accountant of C. Brewer & Co.. Her mother was a daughter of English sea captain George Charles Beckley and Native Hawaiian high chiefess Elizabeth Ahia (1797–1854). Beckley came to Hawaii in 1806, served in the councils of Kamehameha I, and was appointed the first commandant of the Honolulu fort in 1816. Ahia was a distant relation of the reigning House of Kamehameha and a descendant of the 15th-century King Līloa.
Julia's younger siblings were William Malulani Fayerweather (1841–1843), who died young; Mary Jane Kekulani Fayerweather (1842–1930), who married Benoni Richmond Davison and later Andreas Avelino Montano; and Hannah Kealiipuahao o Kinau Fayerweather (1843–1870), who married Thomas Kamukamu Bell.
On May 28, 1857, she married Chinese millionaire merchant Chun Afong. The wedding ceremony was officiated by American Protestant missionary Reverend Lowell Smith. This marriage connected Afong to the reigning Kamehameha family and the ruling Hawaiian elite class. In 1874, her husband supported the political aspirations of Kalākaua (who shared a wet nurse with Julia and was considered a foster brother). Afong quietly gave financial support to Kalākaua in the election of 1874 against Queen Emma (the widow of Kamehameha IV). After the king's election, he appointed Afong to his Privy Council of State. The family business in Hawaiʻi steadily grew with investments in retail, shipping, opium sales, and sugar and coffee plantations.
After the death of Afong's eldest son Chun Alung in 1889, he sold or reorganized most of his business holdings in Hawaiʻi and invested in the Douglas Steamship Company in Hong Kong. He named Samuel Mills Damon as administrator of an estate left in Hawaiʻi to support Julia and their many children. Afong never returned to Hawaiʻi and died in Hong Kong in 1906.
Julia Afong died in Honolulu, at the age of 79, on February 14, 1919. She was buried at the O'ahu Cemetery next to her son Jimmie.
Children
Julia and Afong had sixteen children. The following list of descendants is compiled from the family in Dye's Merchant Prince of the Sandalwood Mountains:
Their sixteen children included:
Emmeline Agatha Marie Kailimoku Afong (1858–1946), married firstly Henry Giles and had one daughter; and married secondly John Alfred Magoon and had seven children.
Antone "Toney" Abram Kekapala Keawemauhili Afong / Chun Chik-yu (1859–1936), married Julien Chang and had three children, Chun Wing-Sen, Irene Chun Wing-Luen, and Chun Wing-Keu. He served as governor of Guangdong from 1922 to 1923.
Nancy Eldorah Luhana Frederica Afong (1861–1940), married Francis Blately McStocker and had three children. Her husband served as chairman of the Executive Committee of the Annexation Club and helped form the Citizens' Guard, the armed militia of the Republic of Hawaiʻi.
Mary Catherine Afong (1862–1945), never married.
Julia Hope Afong (1864–1953), married Arthur Miller Johnstone and had eight children.
Marie K. Afong (1867–1925), married Abram Stephanus Humphreys and had four children.
Elizabeth K. Afong (1869–1965), married Ignatius R. Burns and had no children.
Henrietta (Etta) Patrinella Kealaiki Afong (1870–1940), married firstly United States Navy Rear Admiral William Henry Whiting and had a daughter; and married secondly Rear Admiral Ammen Farenholt and had no children.
Alice Lillian Afong (1872–1953), married Edson Lewis Hutchinson and had one son.
Legacy
In 1909, Julia and Afong's life was fictionalized in the short magazine story, “Chun Ah Chun”, by American novelist Jack London. It was later published in his 1912 book The House of Pride: And Other Tales of Hawaiʻi. London's highly embellished story of Afong depicts him as a "crafty coolie" who spites the white capitalist establishment through his own business success. He also entices white men with money to marry his racially-mixed daughters across the color-line. Julia was portrayed as "Stella Allendale, herself a subject of the brown-skinned king, though more of Anglo-Saxon blood ran in her veins than of Polynesian". In 1961, his great-grandson Eaton "Bob" Magoon Jr. wrote the book, music and lyrics to 13 Daughters, a short-lived Broadway musical. Don Ameche played the eponymous Chun while Monica Boyar portrayed his wife Emmaloa (based on Julia).
The site of the Afong family's Waikīkī villa, where royalty and dignitaries were entertained, was sold in 1904 to the United States Army Corps of Engineers for the construction of Battery Randolph and Battery Dudley, built to defend Honolulu Harbor from foreign attacks. It is now part of the property of the U.S. Army Museum of Hawaiʻi and Fort DeRussy Military Reservation. An informational marker describing the villa and Afong's legacy and is a stop on the Waikīkī Historic Trail.