The Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic (Russian: Киргизская АССР, Kyrgyz: Кыргыз Автономиялуу Социалисттик Советтик Республикасы) was an autonomous republic of the Soviet Union within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic existing from 1926 until 1936. It was preceded by the Kara-Kirghyz Autonomous Oblast, which itself was formed in 1924, and was reorganized into the Kirghyz ASSR in 1926.
The Kirghiz ASSR was created on 1 February 1926, roughly six years later than the Kazakh ASSR, in the former region of Soviet Central Asia, within the Russian SFSR, when the Kirghiz AO was reorganized as an ASSR.
On 5 December 1936, it was elevated to the Kirghiz SSR (independent of the Russian SFSR), one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union.