Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin Shah (Jawi: سلطان محمود المكتفي بالله شاه ابن المرحوم سلطان إسماعيل ناصر الدين شاه);(29 April 1930 – 14 May 1998) was the 17th Sultan of Terengganu reigning from 21 September 1979 to 14 May 1998.
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Early life
Sultan Mahmud was born on 29 April 1930 in Kuala Terengganu. Mahmud's father Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin died in 1979. He was crowned as the Sultan of Terengganu in 1981 and Tengku Ampuan Bariah became Tengku Ampuan Besar of Terengganu.
Sultan Mahmud was the colonel for the Royal Armoured Corps (KAD) of the Malaysian Army.from 1979 until 1998.
He was a close friend of his advisor Tan Sri Wan Mokhtar Ahmad, the Menteri Besar (chief minister) of Terengganu from 1974 to 1999. His main goal was to make Terengganu a developed state. Major state projects and developments during his reign included Petronas Petroleum Complex in Kerteh, Sultan Ismail Power Station at Paka, the largest power station in Malaysia, Kenyir Dam, Sultan Mahmud Bridge, the bridge linking Kuala Terengganu to Pulau Duyong and Kuala Nerus, Wisma Darul Iman and the Tengku Tengah Zaharah Mosque (Floating Mosque).
He performed the hajj pilgrimage with his brother-in-law, Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor in 1984.
Personal life
He was married polygamously to both Tengku Besar Terengganu Fatimah Sharifah Nong Alsagoff binti Abdillah (1938–2023) and Tengku Ampuan Bariah (1933–2011), sister of Sultan Salahuddin of Selangor.
His wives and children were :
Tengku Bariah bint Sultan Hisamuddin Alam Shah, a princess of Opu Daeng Chelak dynasty of Selangor, sometime Tengku Puan Muda (1951–1979) and Tengku Ampuan Besar (1979–1998), eventually Tengku Ampuan of Terengganu
Tengku Besar Terengganu Fatimah Sharifah Nong Alsagoff bint Abdillah
Dato' Hajah Tengku Amira Zahara Farah Qurashiyah, the Tengku Kemala Putri
Paduka Sri Tuanku Sultan Mirza Zainal Abidin, Sultan and Yang di-Pertuan Besar of Terengganu
Tengku Nur Rohana Fathia Putri
Tengku Dato' Rahima Putri
Tengku Dato' Mustafa Kamil, the Tengku Sri Bendahara Raja
Tengku Dato' Badr-ul Zaman, the Tengku Sri Panglima Raja
Cik Khadija
Tengku Dato' Badr ul-Hisham, the Tengku Sri Temenggong Raja
Death
On 14 May 1998, he died in Mount Elizabeth Hospital, Singapore and was succeeded by his son Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. His body was then laid to rest in the new Royal Mausoleum near Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque in Kuala Terengganu. He was the first sultan of Terengganu to be buried there.
Honours
Honours of Terengganu
Founding Grand Master and Member of the Most Exalted Supreme Royal Family Order of Terengganu (DKT, 10 March 1981)
Grand Master (21 September 1979 – 15 May 1998) and First Class of the Most Distinguished Family Order of Terengganu (DK I, 26 June 1964)
Founding Grand Master and Member Grand Companion of the Most Revered Order of Sultan Mahmud I of Terengganu (SSMT, 28 February 1982)
Grand Master (21 September 1979 – 15 May 1998) and Knight Grand Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of the Crown of Terengganu (SPMT, 26 June 1977)
Honours of Malaysia
Malaysia
Recipient of Most Exalted Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN, 1981)
Johor
First Class of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Johor (DK I, 27 April 1982)
Kedah
Member of the Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Kedah (DK, 20 January 1985)
Kelantan
Member of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Kelantan (DK, 30 March 1985)
Negeri Sembilan
Member of the Most Illustrious Royal Family Order of Negeri Sembilan (DKNS, 19 July 1988)
Pahang
Member 1st class of the Most Esteemed Family Order of the Crown of Indra of Pahang (DK I, 24 October 1981)
Perak
Member of the Most Esteemed Royal Family Order of Perak (DK, 1982)
Grand Knight of the Most Illustrious Order of Cura Si Manja Kini (SPCM, 1977)
Perlis
Member of the Most Esteemed Perlis Family Order of the Gallant Prince Syed Putra Jamalullail (DK, 27 October 1984)
Selangor
Second class of the Royal Family Order of Selangor (DK II) (8 March 1978)
Foreign Honours
Brunei
Recipient of the Royal Family Order of the Crown of Brunei (DKMB)
United Kingdom
Knight of Justice or Grace of the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem (KStJ, 20 March 1990)
Recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal (2 June 1953)
Legacy
Educational institutions
Sekolah Menengah Sains Sultan Mahmud (SESMA) at Wakaf Tembusu, Kuala Terengganu
Buildings, Bridges and Roads
Sultan Mahmud Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque at Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah
Al-Muktafi Billah Shah Mosque at Kuala Terengganu
Sultan Mahmud Bridge at Jalan Tengku Mizan on Federal Route 65 at Kuala Terengganu
Jalan Sultan Mahmud on Federal Route 174 at Kuala Terengganu
Sultan Mahmud Airport at Seberang Takir, Kuala Terengganu
Sultan Mahmud Power Station, Kenyir Dam
Others
Bandar Al-Muktafi Billah Shah