Peter is a common masculine given name. It is derived directly from Greek Πέτρος, Petros (an invented, masculine form of Greek petra, the word for "rock" or "stone"), which itself was a translation of Aramaic Kefa ("stone, rock"), the new name Jesus gave to apostle Simon bar Jonah. An Old English variant is Piers.
In other languages
The following names can be interpreted as Peter in English.
Afrikaans: Pieter, Petrus
Albanian: Pjetër, Për
Amharic: ቡትሮስ ("Boutros")
Arabic: بطرس (Boutros), بيار ("Pierre", mainly in Lebanon), بيتر ("Peter", exact transcription)
Aragonese: Pietro, Pero, Piero, Pier
Armenian: Պետրոս (Bedros in the Western dialect, Petros in the Eastern dialect)
Assamese: পিটাৰ
Asturian: Pedru
Azerbaijani: Pyotr
Basque: Peru, Pello (diminutive), Pedro, Piarres, Harkaitz (Means "Rock" in Basque), Arkaitz, Petri (Biblical), Kepa (neologism)
Belarusian: Пётр (Piotr), Пятро (Piatro), Пятрусь (Piatruś)
Bengali: পিটার (Piṭār), পিতর (Pitôr)
Breton: Pêr
Bulgarian: Петър (Petar), Пере, Перо (Pere, Pero), Петьо, Петю (Petyo, Petyu), Пеньо, Пеню, Пенко (Penyo, Penyu, Penko), Пельо, Пелю, Пелко (Pelyo, Pelyu, Pelko), Пешо (Pesho); Камен (Kamen) ("kamen, kamək" in Bulgarian means: stone)
Catalan: Pere
Cebuano: Pedro
Standard Chinese:
Protestant: 彼得 (Bǐdé)
Catholic: 伯多祿 (Bóduōlù)
Coptic: ⲡⲉⲧⲣⲟⲥ (Ṗeṭros)
Cornish: Peder
Croatian: Petar, Pero, Periša, Perica, Pera, Pejo
Czech: Petr, Péťa (diminutive)
Danish: Peter, Peder, Per, Peer, Pelle
Dutch: Pieter, Peter, Piet, Pier (Note: The form "Peer" also occurs, albeit less commonly.)
Emiliano-Romagnolo: Pédor
Esperanto: Petro
Estonian: Peeter, Peep, Peetrus, Pavo, Peedo
Faroese: Pætur, Petur, Per
Filipino: Pedro, Pedring (diminutive)
Frisian: Piter, Pier
Finnish: Pietari, Pekka, Petri, Petteri
French: Pierre (Note: the word for stone in French is also "pierre".)
Galician: Pedro
Georgian: პეტრე (Petre)
German: Peter (Note: The form "Peer" also occurs, albeit less commonly.)
Greek: Πέτρος (Petros)
Guarani: Peru
Gujarati: પીટર (Pīṭar)
Gungbe: Pita
Haitian Creole: Pierre (pronounced "Pyè")
Hausa: Bitrus
Hindi: Pathrus, पीटर (Pīṭar)
Hebrew: פטרוס (Petros), פטר (literally Peter)
Hungarian: Péter; Petya, Peti (diminutive)
Icelandic: Pétur, Pési (diminutive)
Indonesian: Petrus, Peter
Irish: Piaras, Pierce, Peadar
Italian: Pietro, Pier, Piero (Note: the word for stone in Italian is "pietra".)
Japanese:
Protestant: ピーター (Pītā)
Catholic: ペトロ (Petoro), ペテロ (Petero)
Biblical contexts: ペトロス (Petorosu)
Kazakh: Петр (Petr)
Khmer: Pathra
Konkani: Pedru
Korean: 베드로 (Bedro); less commonly, 페트루스 (Petrus); 피터 (Pitə)
Lao: ເປໂຕ (Peot)
Latin: Petrus
Latvian: Pēteris
Lingala: Petelo
Lithuanian: Petras
Lombard: Peder
Low German: Petrus
Luganda: Petero
Luxembourgish: Pit, Pier
Macedonian: Петар (Petar), Питер (Piter), Петре (Petre), Перо (Pero), Пере (Pere), Перица (Perica)
Malagasy: Petera
Malayalam: പത്രോസ് (Patrōs), പീരി ("Peeri" from Pierre)
Maltese: Pietru
Manx: Peddyr
Māori: Petera, Pita
Marathi: पेत्र (Petrə), पेद्रो (Pedro)
Mongolian: Петр (Pyetr)
Montenegrin: Петар (Petar), Перо (Pero)
Nepali: पत्रुस (Patrus)
Norman: Pierre
Northern Sami: Pekka, Piera, Biera, Bierril, Bierža, Biehtár
Norwegian: Peter, Petter, Per, Pelle, Peder
Nahuatl: Pedro
Occitan: Pèire, Pèir, Pèr
Persian: Pedros, Pedrush
Polish: Piotr. Diminutives/hypocoristics include Piotrek, Piotruś, and Piotrunio. Piotr has several name days in Poland.
Portuguese: Pedro, Pêro (old Portuguese) (Note: The word for stone in Portuguese is "pedra".)
Punjabi: ਪਤਰਸਨੂੰ (Patarasanū)
Quechua: Pidru, Rumi
Romanian: Petru, Petre, Petrică (diminutive), Petrișor (diminutive)
Russian: Пётр (Pyotr), Питер (Piter), Петя (Petya) (diminutive), Петруха (Petrukha) (colloquial)
Samoan: Petelo
Sardinian: Pedru, Perdu, Pretu
Scottish Gaelic: Peadair
Serbian: Петар (Petar), Петер (Peter), Перо (Pero), Пера (Pera), Перица (Perica), Периша (Periša)
Sicilian: Pietru
Silesian: Pyjter, Piter
Sinhala: Peduru
Slovak: Peter, Peťo
Slovene: Peter
Spanish: Pedro
Swahili: Petero
Swedish: Peter, Petter, Peder, Per, Pehr, Pär, Pelle, Pälle
Syriac: ܦܛܪܘܣ (Peṭrus)
Tagalog: Pedro
Tamil: Pethuru, Raayappar (in biblical contexts)
Telugu: పేతురు (Peturu)
Thai: ปีเตอร์ (RTGS: Pitoe), เปโตร (Petro, in biblical contexts)
Tongan: Pita
Tswana: Petere, Pitoro
Turkish: Kaya (rock), Kayahan (khan of rocks); Petrus, Petros (in biblical contexts)
Ukrainian: Петро (Petro), Пітер (Piter), Петрик (Petryk) (diminutive), Петрусь (Petrus) (diminutive)
Urdu: پتھر (Rock) or پیٹر (lit. Peter)
Uzbek: Pyotr (as in Russian)
Venetian: Piero
Vietnamese: Phê-rô
Võro: Piitre
Welsh: Pedr
West Frisian: Petrus
Yoruba: Peteru
Zulu: Petru