The Royal Guard (Spanish: Guardia Real) is an independent regiment of the Spanish Armed Forces that is dedicated to the protection of the King of Spain and members of the Spanish royal family. It is currently composed of 1,500 troops. While the Guard participates in parades and other ceremonial events, it is a fully functional combat unit. Its members are recruited from the ranks of all three branches of the Spanish Armed Forces and receive the same combat training as regular soldiers.
The Royal Guards, though originally an army unit complete with infantry, cavalry, & artillery, with the oldest regiments being the Regimiento de Infantería Inmemorial del Rey nº 1 (King’s Memorial regiment no. 1) and the Regimiento del Ejército de Tierra (Land Army regiment), over time, it has acquired a few more detachment companies from other branches, most notably: the La Compañía mar Océano (Ocean Sea Company); a naval infantry company from the Navy & the La Escuadrilla Plus Ultra (Plus Ultra Squad) a paratrooper company are officially under the Air and Space Force, among others. The army cavalry of the guards is known as the Escuadrón de Escolta Real (Royal Scout Squad).
Though technically, the Royal Guards are officially under the umbrella of the overall Spanish Armed Forces, true to its army roots, when deploys in combat, it serves the function of a ground force. Some units served in Afghanistan and Bosnia.
Contents
History
The history of the Royal Guard dates back to medieval times. The senior unit and one of the oldest guards corps in the world is the Corps of Gentlemen of the Chamber, the Monteros de Espinosa, dating to 1006 and created by Sancho Garcia of the House of Castile.
Even before the time of the first monarch of Spain, the Catholic Monarchs formed the Guardias Viejas de Castilla ("Old Guards of Castile"). Later on, the first monarch of Spain, Charles V ordered that a company of those guards to reside and continuously stand guard in his palace, denominating it Los Cien Continos ("The Continuous Hundred").
Official formation
When arriving in Spain in 1502, Charles V's father, Philip the Handsome brought with him his Guardia Borgoñona ("Burgundian Guards"). They were also called the Guardia de los Archeros (aka Guardia de Cuchilla > "Guards of the Blade") because they were armed with a glaive-type polearm called an archa, not because they were archers (arqueros). Their purpose was to secure the royal household by standing guard or patrolling the grounds on horseback. These group of Royal Guards with their Burgundian style, together with two units of alabarderos ("halberdiers"), would remain in service until the reorganization of the Troops of the Royal Household (Tropas de Casa Real) by Philip V. During his reign, the Royal Guards were organized into:
Headquarters
Royal Guards Halberdiers
Royal Carabinier Guards
Musketeers of the Royal Guards
Guards de Corps (organized as a squadron)
Two Guards infantry regiments (Walloon Guards and Guards of Spain)
In the 19th century the Guards were reinforced by the Spanish Marine Infantry, which formed its own unit.
In 1824-25 the Guards was expanded into a fully independent army group reporting to the sovereign and the Royal Military Household with two full corps following the example of France's Napoleonic Imperial Guard and Borbon Restorationist Royal Guards:
Internal Royal Guards Corps
Halberdiers
Guards of the Royal Household
Guards de Corps
Infantry units
External Royal Guards Corps
Civil War
The Guards were disbanded in 1931 as a result of the formation of the Second Republic and was replaced by the Presidential Horse Guards Squadron (Escuadrón de Escolta Presidencial), which was a cavalry formation. By 1936, it included the infantry Presidential Guards Battalion (Batallón de Guardia Presidencial), which remained loyal to the Republic during the civil war.
Restoration
Under Francisco Franco, by Decree of February 4, 1949, the Military House of the Generalissimo was reorganized and on the basis of the republican formations the Regiment of the Guards of His Excellency the Head of State (Regimiento de la Guardia de Su Excelencia el Jefe del Estado), later on the Guards Regiment of HE the Generalissimo (Regimiento de la Guardia de S.E. el Generalísimo), was activated, which included a mounted squadron (the Guardia Mora) which was first raised from surplus personnel of the Regulares. After several reorganizations, the unit would last until Franco's death as a combined arms guards regiment.
Upon Franco's death and the ascension of King Juan Carlos I as the head of state and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, the guards regiment was integrated into the new army under the king, forming the basis of what is now the modern day Guardia Real - the Royal Guards Regiment (Regimento de la Guardia Real), which is responsible to the king through the Ministry of Defense. In the 1980s it grew into a three-battalion regiment. Today it is a four-battalion unit that serves as the protocol and security service of the Spanish royal family.
Modern Day
In 2002, a section from the Royal Guards Land Army Company deployed to Kosovo as part of peacekeeping efforts there.
The following year, a platoon from the Royal Guards Air & Space Force Company and a platoon from the Naval Infantry Marine Company of the Royal Guards also joined the peacekeeping efforts in Kosovo and was stationed there throughout the year.
In 2005, a section from the Land Army Company of the Royal Guards deployed again to Kosovo.
In 2006, a platoon from the Royal Guards Air & Space Force Company deployed to Afghanistan.
In 2007, a mixed section (made up of members from all the branches) of the Royal Guards deployed again to Kosovo.
Role
The primary function of the Royal Guard is to provide military security for the monarchy. In addition to protecting members of the Spanish royal family, the present functions of the unit include the protection of foreign heads of state visiting Spain, and of royal palaces such as the Royal Palace of Madrid (Palacio Real), the Palace of El Pardo and the Palace of Zarzuela.
The regiment is an active combat unit and has been deployed to Bosnia and Afghanistan. The Guard regularly takes part in military exercises organized in conjunction with all three of the main branches of Spain's military.
It is involved in the changing of the guard ceremony (Cambio de la Guardia) at the Royal Palace. It is present at military parades in the national capital of Madrid on official holidays including Fiesta Nacional de España and Día de la Constitución. Annually, it has a troop review during the Pascua Militar ceremony on 6 January.
Organization
Commander of the Royal Guard (Colonel)
General Staff
Personnel Logistics (1st SEM)
Institutional Affairs (2nd SEM)
Security and Intelligence, Preparation and Employment (3rd SEM)
Material and Infrastructure Logistics (4th SEM)
Economic Affairs Section (SAE)
Occupational Risk Prevention Service (SPRL)
Legal Advisor (ASEJU)
Office of the Sergeant Major of the Royal Guard (SBMY)
Religious Service (SRELG)
Secretary
Group HQ
HQ Company
Security Company
1st Security platoon
2nd Security platoon
3rd Security platoon
4th Security platoon
Communications Company
Formation Company
1st platoon
2nd platoon
3rd platoon
Ranks
Enlisted