2017–present
In September 2017, the second series of Doctor Foster premiered, garnering positive critical reception. Jones, originally hesitant to film another series, was persuaded after hearing writer Mike Bartlett's plans for the script. She also served as associate producer for the programme's second series, which was filmed in autumn 2016.
The same month, shooting began for an ensemble cast production of Vanity Fair, based on the 1848 novel of the same name. Airing the following September, Jones played the role of Miss Pinkerton, the haughty former headmistress of protagonist Becky Sharp (Olivia Cooke). In February 2018, Jones starred in the Sky Atlantic drama Save Me, playing the mother of a missing teen. Jones's performance received positive reviews, with Rebecca Nicholson of The Guardian writing: "you get the impression that Jones could act grief in her sleep, but she is impressively subtle here".
From February to May 2018, Jones returned to the West End in a revival of Bryony Lavery's stage play Frozen at the Theatre Royal Haymarket. Jones portrayed Nancy, the grieving mother of an abducted child opposite Jason Watkins. While the production received mixed reviews, Jones's performance was well received, described as "unflinchingly truthful and spontaneous" by The Independent. Jones missed the last four performances of the show's three-month run due to illness, citing the play's "deeply affecting" subject matter as a contributing factor.
Later in May, Jones began filming BBC and HBO co-production Gentleman Jack, written, produced and directed by Sally Wainwright. Jones had signed on in July 2017 to play the lead role of Anne Lister, a lesbian Yorkshire industrialist in the 1830s. Described by The Independent as "a core member of Wainwright's unofficial repertory company", the series marks Jones's fourth collaboration with Wainwright. Premiering in April 2019 in the US and a month later in the UK, James Poniewozik of The New York Times wrote: "Jones's performance is a marvel, exuding vitality, charisma and sexual confidence. But she also brings Anne an empathy, humanity and glimpses of vulnerability that make her more than simply a flawless Regency-era Mary Sue." Jones's performance was also praised by Matthew Gilbert of The Boston Globe, who wrote: "Jones is a gale force wind on the show, driving it forward with her confidence and cool. She gives us a dynamic woman living out gender fluidity and attraction to women at a time of ignorance and intolerance. Her Anne rejects social convention—and has the money to do it—as she fervently and undauntedly pursues her desires. But then Jones adds in a hidden vulnerability that can be heartbreaking. It's the best, most faceted performance of the year, though few seem to know that."
Gentleman Jack returned to BBC One for a second series on 10 April 2022.
In July 2019, Jones received the script for the second series of Save Me, titled Save Me Too, with a 14-week shoot commencing the following month. Save Me Too was released on 1 April 2020, and a third season was expected in 2022.
On 1 November 2019, a collaborative cover of "Symphony" by Jones and the Half Moon Theatre was released as a part of the BBC Children In Need album Got It Covered. Jones also provided uncredited vocals on the album's cover track "It Must Be Love".
On 5 August 2021, Jones appeared in the title role of "I Am Victoria", the first in a second series of one-off dramas created by BAFTA winner Dominic Savage, focussing on various women's issues, in this case, mental health challenges.
Jones subsequently took the lead role of DCI Amy Silva in the six-episode BBC series Vigil, which aired weekly in the UK from 29 August 2021, and streamed all episodes on 23 December in the US. The submarine thriller with an underlying lesbian love story drew an initial audience of 13.4 million viewers, becoming the BBC's most successful drama in years.
In March 2022, the first project from TeamAkers, the production company formed by Jones and her husband Laurence Akers, was announced as Maryland, a three-part drama set on the Isle of Man.
It was announced in January 2025 that Jones and Jodie Whittaker would star in Frauds, a 6-part ITV heist series about two confidence women.
In August 2025, Jones starred as fictional UK prime minister Abigail Dalton in Netflix miniseries Hostage, for which she also served as executive producer.
In February 2026, it was announced that Jones will reprise her titular role in the third and final season of Doctor Foster, to take place 10 years after the last season (released in 2017). The forthcoming season will have five episodes and will begin filming in spring of 2026.