Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, often referred to as Umar II was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720. His reign was marked by significant central government reforms aimed at fostering efficiency and social equality. These efforts included the first official collection of hadiths and a robust promotion of the Sunnah. Economically, he sought to stabilize the state by implementing a tax reform that granted equality to non-Arab Muslims (mawali) by exempting them from the jizya, while protecting public lands from dynastic privatization. These policies aimed to reconcile the financial needs of the state with the principles of Islamic justice.

Overview

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz ibn Marwan, often referred to as Umar II was the eighth Umayyad caliph, ruling from 717 until his death in 720. His reign was marked by significant central government reforms aimed at fostering efficiency and social equality. These efforts included the first official collection of hadiths and a robust promotion of the Sunnah. Economically, he sought to stabilize the state by implementing a tax reform that granted equality to non-Arab Muslims (mawali) by exempting them from the jizya, while protecting public lands from dynastic privatization. These policies aimed to reconcile the financial needs of the state with the principles of Islamic justice.

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