Dress and Vanity Fair
Condé Montrose Nast began his magazine empire in 1913 when he purchased the men's fashion magazine Dress, which he renamed Dress and Vanity Fair and later Vanity Fair. The magazine thrived throughout the 1920s and reached a circulation of 90,000 copies at its peak. However, it became a casualty of the Great Depression and declining advertising revenues. Condé Nast announced in December 1935 that Vanity Fair would be folded into Vogue (circulation 156,000) beginning with the March 1936 issue, Vogue incorporated Vanity Fair till the February 1983 issue.
In 2008, Vanity Fair celebrated 95 years since its debut under Nast (as well as the 25th anniversary of its 1983 relaunch), and the magazine's photographic heritage was memorialized in an exhibition called "Vanity Fair Portraits, 1913–2008" at the National Portrait Gallery in London. The exhibition traveled to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery in Edinburgh, the Los Angeles County Museum of Art, and the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra, Australia. Vanity Fair: The Portraits, a special jubilee issue and hardback book, was published in the fall of 2008.
Vanity Fair is a fictitious place ruled by Beelzebub in the book Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan. Later use of the name was influenced by the well-known 1847–48 novel of the same name by William Makepeace Thackeray.