Elizabeth MacDonald Jolas (born 5 August 1926) is a French and American composer.
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Life and career
Jolas was born in Paris on 5 August 1926. Her mother, the American translator Maria McDonald, also studied singing. Together with Betsy's father, the poet and journalist Eugene Jolas, she founded and edited the magazine transition, which published over ten years many of the great writers of the interwar period.
Her family settled in the United States in late 1940. While completing her general studies in New York, then specializing in music at Bennington College, she joined the Dessoff Choirs, discovering Renaissance music, which had a lasting influence on her work.
After graduating from Bennington College, Jolas returned to Paris in 1946 to continue her studies at the Conservatoire national supérieur de musique, notably with Darius Milhaud and Olivier Messiaen. From 1971 to 1974 she served as Messiaen's assistant at the Conservatoire, and in 1975 was appointed to the faculty. She has since then also taught in the U.S., at Yale, Harvard, Mills College, the University of California, Tanglewood, and the University of Michigan.
Jolas is a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Her numerous works (she has been composing steadily since 1945) are written for a great variety of combinations and have been widely performed, by artists such as Kent Nagano, Anssi Karttunen, Claude Delangle, William Christie, Håkan Hardenberger, Antoine Tamestit, Nicolas Hodges, and Sir Simon Rattle, and ensembles and orchestras including the Ensemble intercontemporain, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Orchestre de Paris, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
Personal life
Jolas married the physician Gabriel Illouz in 1949; the pair had three children. She retains dual U.S./French citizenship.
Style
Descriptions of Jolas's style note her early experience of 16th-century Western European polyphonic vocal music (in particular, that of Orlando di Lasso), continual exploration of vocality encompassing both vocal and instrumental works, and a flexible but steady flow free from conventional metric pulse. Though drawn to some aesthetic aspects of the serialism of her close contemporary Pierre Boulez and others, Jolas has remained an independent figure who never adopted serial technique.
List of major works
For an extended list, see List of compositions by Betsy Jolas.
Operas
Le Pavillon au Bord de la Rivière (1975), chamber opera in 4 acts
Schliemann (1982–83), opera in 3 acts
Le Cyclope (1986), chamber opera in 1 act
Orchestral
D'un opéra de voyage (1967) for chamber orchestra
Quatre Plages (1967) for string orchestra
Well Met (1973) for string orchestra
Tales of a summer sea (1977) for orchestra
Cinq pièces pour Boulogne (1982)
B Day (2006) for symphony orchestra
A Little Summer Suite (2015)
Les Belles Années (The Good Years) (2023) (World premiere 14 June 2023, LSO, Barbican, London, as a gift to Sir Simon Rattle on elevation to Conductor Emeritus of the LSO)
Solo works with orchestra or ensemble
Points D'Aube (1968) for viola and ensemble
Musique d'hiver (1971) for organ and small orchestra
Trois Rencontres (1973) for solo string trio and symphony orchestra
Stances (1978) for piano and orchestra
Histoires vraies (2015) double concerto for trumpet and piano
Side Roads (2017) for cello and string orchestra
b Tunes for Nicolas (2021) piano concerto for Nicolas Hodges and BBC Symphony Orchestra
Works for large ensemble
Figures (1965) for 9 instruments
J.D.E. (1966) for 14 musicians
D'un opéra de poupée en sept musiques (1982) for 11 instruments
Préludes, Fanfares, Interludes, Sonneries (1983) for wind band
Sonate à 8 (1998) for cello octet
Chamber music
Quartets Nos. 1–6 (1956–1997)
O Wall (1976) for wind quintet
Quatuor VII (Afterthoughts) (2018) for trumpet, violin, viola and cello
Episode No. 1–9 (1964–1990) for various solo instruments
B for Sonata (1973) for piano
Musique de jour (1976) for organ
Signets, hommage à Maurice Ravel (1987) for piano
Femme le soir (2018) for cello and piano
Chorus
Mass (1945) for choir, soloists and orchestra
Motet I–IV (1947–2002) for various voices, chorus, orchestra, ensemble
Enfantillages (1956) for women's or children's choir in 3 equal voices
L'oeil égaré dans les plis de l'obéissance au vent, cantate radiophonique (1961) for soprano, contralto, baritone, mixed choir and orchestra
Dans la chaleur vacante, cantate radiophonique (1963) for choir and orchestra
Autres enfantillages (2000) for children's or women's choir with clarinet ad libitum
Vocal
Mots (1963) for soprano and ensemble
Quartet No. 2 (1964) for soprano and string trio
Liring Ballade (1980) for baritone and orchestra
Sigrancia-Ballade (1995) for baritone and orchestra
L'Ascension du Mont Ventoux (2004) for soprano, narrator, flute, clarinet, violin, cello and harp
Honors
Officier de la Légion d'honneur (2006)
Prix de l'Académie Charles Cros pour l'ensemble de son œuvre (2015)
Officier de l'Ordre du Mérite (2003)
Berlin Prize (2000)
Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres (1985)
Prix International Maurice Ravel (1992)
Grand prix de la SACEM (1982)
Grand Prix de la Ville de Paris (1981)
Prix National de la Musique (1974)
Koussevitzky Prize (1974)
Copley Foundation award (1954)