Ethiopia

Ethiopia, oficialmente la República Democrática Federal de Etiopía, es un país sin litoral ubicado en la región del Cuerno de África de África Oriental. Limita con Eritrea al norte, Yibuti al noreste, Somalia al este y sureste, Kenia al sur, Sudán del Sur al oeste y Sudán al noroeste. Etiopía cubre un área terrestre de 1,112,000 square kilometres (472,000 sq. miles). , alberga alrededor de 116.5 million inhabitants, lo que la convierte en el decimotercer país más poblado del mundo, el segundo más poblado de África después de Nigeria y el país sin litoral más poblado de la Tierra. La capital nacional y la ciudad más grande, Addis Ababa, se encuentra a varios kilómetros al oeste del Rift de África Oriental que divide el país en las placas tectónicas africana y somalí. Anatomically modern humans emerged from modern-day Ethiopia and set out for the Near East and elsewhere in the Middle Paleolithic period. Southwestern Ethiopia has been proposed as a possible homeland of the Afroasiatic language family. In 980 BC, the Kingdom of D'mt extended its realm over Eritrea and the northern region of Ethiopia, while the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region for 900 years. Christianity was embraced by the kingdom in 330, and Islam arrived by the first Hijra in 615. After the collapse of Aksum in 960, a variety of kingdoms, largely tribal confederations, existed in the land of Ethiopia. The Zagwe dynasty ruled the north-central parts until being overthrown by Yekuno Amlak in 1270, inaugurating the Ethiopian Empire and the Solomonic dynasty, claimed descent from the biblical Solomon and Queen of Sheba under their son Menelik I. By the 14th century, the empire had grown in prestige through territorial expansion and fighting against adjacent territories; most notably, the Ethiopian–Adal War (1529–1543) contributed to fragmentation of the empire, which ultimately fell under a decentralization known as Zemene Mesafint in the mid-18th century. Emperor Tewodros II ended Zemene Mesafint at the beginning of his reign in 1855, marking the reunification and modernization of Ethiopia. From 1878 onwards, Emperor Menelik II launched a series of conquests known as Menelik's Expansions, which resulted in the formation of Ethiopia's current border.